The early life of Karl Marx essays

The early existence of Karl Marx papers Karl Marxs early life was critical in molding the manner in which he considered society and governments and what he thought could improve them, and his encounters and up-bringing made him a master socialist essayist and devotee. Karl Marx was conceived on May fifth in the year 1818. He was conceived in the modest community of Trier, Germany. Trier is situated in Western Germany close to France and is viewed as the most French-like city of Germany. Trier was worked by the Romans and lies in the core of the wine locale which makes vineyards the essential business of Trier. The city numbered somewhere in the range of 12,000 individuals back in Marxs time. Trier was once part of Napoleons realm, yet was fused into Prussia by 1815. Western Germany was generally possessed by the Jewish. Numerous Jews changed over to Catholicism because of the Jewish confidence not being preferred by government pioneers. Marx was naturally introduced to a white collar class Jewish family. His mom and father were both Jewish. His dad, being the leader of the family, changed over to Catholicism. Judaism was not acknowledged particularly for the dad of the family. Judaism was passed somewhere around Marxs granddad being a Rabbi and a steadfast Jew. Marxs mother would not change over to Catholicism, yet permitted every one of the seven of her youngsters to be absolved. The Jews had profited significantly from Napoleons exercises. Napoleons exercises had broken a large number of the hindrances that had made the Jewish Ghetto . Jews were incorporated more all through society. Napoleons rout hurt the Jews and brought back the Ghetto . It likewise made a significant number of them convert to Catholicism in view of the dread of being aggrieved and the way that the German Princes were not pleasant to the Jews. Likewise numerous enemy of Jewish untruths were made in 1816, so Marxs father took the name Heinrich Marx and was acknowledged into the Catholic church in 1817. Heinrich was not a virtuoso but rather he was an astute individual. One of Karls cites ... <!

NGOs are an effective force in processes of conflict resolution and Essay - 1

NGOs are a compelling power in procedures of compromise and recuperating. Talk about utilizing models - Essay Example Kinds of NGOs In present day times, there has been the rise of Non-legislative associations otherwise called NGOs and these have assumed various jobs in this advanced society. This is particularly with the enrollment and acknowledgment, just as coordination of NGOs into the United Nations to aid arrangement of administrations to minimized territories and even serve the necessities of minority gatherings (Crowe p.1796). A portion of the jobs that are played by NGOs incorporate; arrangement of helpful administrations that would somehow or another not be accessible to specific pieces of the human populace. Also, arrangement of a stage for the populace to air its complaints to the remainder of the world and even pioneers, and fill in as a scaffold between the remainder of the world and nearby networks where these NGOs work from and inside. Along these lines, there are various sorts and types of NGOs that fill various needs and in various areas for different populaces. All things considered, in view of the meaning of NGOs as non-benefit association, they can be arranged into network based associations, which are little close association that are run only by individuals and based out of locally accessible assets. Another sort of NGO is the middle person NGO that includes the utilization of paid staff to offer social types of assistance to people and other association, while there is another sort, which is the mediator NGO focussing on arrangement and support which mirror the necessities of both nearby networks and different NGOs, just as associations (Nesbit p.9). The last kind of NGO is the one that bargains in universal alleviation and advancement, and comprises of expert staff and is found in numerous nations through branches and sections. Compassionate Efforts With the above data, it easy to think of various jobs of NGOs as these classifications explain what every association does and at what level. Thusly, in compromise and mending, NGOs jobs can be clarified and shown following their structure. The primary manner by which NGOs are a compelling power during the time spent compromise and mending is following their philanthropic administrations arrangement to populaces that need them. In view of this, the key job is the recuperating procedure and not on compromise, in spite of the fact that from an alternate point of view this is accomplished. By offering philanthropic types of assistance, for example, clinical supplies and wellbeing administrations, where those that are influenced or influenced networks are presented with administrations that wipe out human enduring in both warring camps of networks in strife. All things considered, the primary class of NGOs is knowledgeable in this by being the prompt wellspring of t hese philanthropic administrations where they utilize just what they need to accommodate their own kin and even others structure the camps in struggle. Through this, the warring populace is united by human enduring particularly concerning ailments and wounds, just as wounds to make harmony and participate for their own prosperity (Clapham p.522). This is clear in instances of Sierra Leone, where network based NGOs met up and served to relieve the impacts or results of the contention in the nation. This was through offering clinical types of assistance to the injured and in any event, reusing administration to those that came later until a neighborly understanding was reached to

How to Grow Your Business with Email List

How to Grow Your Business with Email List Each of the components of inbound marketing stands in its individual position but is dependent on the collaboration of the whole. Entrepreneurs nowadays have many factors that need to be leveraged in order to achieve growth and profitability. However, once all channels are structured properly they become a beneficial element that reflects not only in conversion rates but also in monitoring, maintaining and enhancing achieved state.Diverse channels cross-promote each other according to their structural properties: social media gives brief references on processes of the company and navigates visitors to more comprehensive channels such as blogs and websites. However, it is also necessary to target specific segments of customers in order to optimize engagement. Email is an excellent platform for such procedures as well as for monitoring proficiency of the marketing apparatus as a whole. © Shutterstock.com | VGstockstudioThis article addresses the question whether and in which ways email lists are a productive and profitable marketing strategy, examines metrics and statistics as well as provides a guide for email marketing strategy optimization through sections 1) How Email Lists Help Growth of Your Business; 2) Optimization of Email Lists; 3) Measuring Efficiency of Your Email Marketing and 4) Statistics on Email Marketing.HOW EMAIL LISTS HELP GROWTH OF YOUR BUSINESSEmail List as Part of Inbound Marketing Strategies Delivery of Targeted Content to Opted-in AudienceInbound marketing strategies have become the fundamental law of e-commerce. They simulate positive involvement and engagement of consumers with providers of products or services. While almost all of the traditional, invasive marketing approaches are looked upon as unproductive (at least when done exclusively), email has successfully acclimatized to the new environment and became one of the most profitable strategies of content marketing (especially in regard to Return on Investment figures).In order to bring these results, email has switched to an opt-in audience rather than on (purchased) lists of people who have no interest in what a company has to offer. What this means is that your mailing list comprises out of individuals who actually signed up for continuing interaction with your channels and are as such more prospective as leads.Once you have acquired a substantial (and growing) mailing list, it is important to manage it optimally. To do so, segmentation of the audience must be undertaken. With numerous analytical tools available, you can categorize your subscribers and target approaches and content according to their more specific needs. This refers not only to stages of customer journey your subscribers are in but also concerning their needs.For example, if you are providing services of catering, you should provide different constructive content with reference to whether yo ur subscriber is a company or an individual. Moreover, you should segment the approach according to any further information on your subscribers. If you are interacting with a company, you might want to structure your email content so as to address formal gatherings and how you can contribute in the matter. On the other hand, when communicating with individuals, you should present content related to events such as anniversaries, birthdays, weddings, etc.The perpetual interest comes from useful interaction. Hence, targeting your opted-in audience with valuable information that has something to do with their needs will increase their engagement and potential of future conversion. Types of Inbound Email Content Email content should be brief and to-the-point. Essentially, it should serve as a transmission station where you inform subscribers of content related to their preferences (and your products/services) as well as pivot them to its sources â€" website, blog posts, e-books, webinars and other.Educational Email Content is comprised out of one concisely presented topic and references to comprehensive sources of your other channels (or available for download).Newsletter Email Content covers a few topics and provides references for further informing on each of the subjects.Lead-nurturing Email Content is follow-up communication with your leads. For example, someone subscribed to your mailing list so as to download an e-book that you offered in exchange. Lead-nurturing emails should come at intervals of some kind and provide additional content information with regard to the existing sphere of interest constructed by the download. Inbound vs. Outbound Email Marketing Some argue that email marketing is a thing of the past. However, by observing statistics (which will be presented in the final section of the article), it seems that this can be true only with reference to outbound email marketing.Outbound marketing, meaning aggressive agitation with excessive advertisi ng and with no personalization in approach, decreased in productivity precisely because there was too much of it. Companies that employ purchased lists of subscribers and interact with them through the constant flux of unwanted advertising are regarded and marked as ‘spam’.Bearing in mind that email serves as a promotion post, it is obvious that the goal should be to reach the subscriber. It seems there cannot be a more counterproductive strategy than ‘spamming’ â€" in addition to the fact that content does not reach the subscriber, it creates a negative attitude towards the provider.As a theory of evolution states: adapt or cease to exist. Outbound email marketing is likely to do the latter. As inbound email marketing employs polar opposite attitudes and approaches towards subscribers, adapts to the new environment of online marketing and creates new objectives, it is showing a survival tendency.Using Email List for Growth of BusinessNow that we have positioned email market ing strategy with reference to the e-commerce market and in opposition to traditional strategies, we will take a look at how do mailing lists actually help growth of business through essential stages of customer development. Acquisition of New Leads through Email Lists New leads can be acquired through existing subscribers by word of mouth where your subscribers agitate for your business within their circle of people. This can be further simulated by implementing call-to-action techniques, such as ‘Recommend to a friend’ or ‘Share’ buttons, in email content. Activation of Conversion of your Subscribers from your Email ListsEmail content should reference your subscribers to your other channels. Choose most popular and positively received content and promote it to your subscribers. Every navigation to your channels enhances the chances of conversion (because they signify engagement with your company). Retention of your Mailing List Use the information you have acquired through interaction with your subscribers and address them accordingly. For example, if someone on your mailing list purchased your product or services make sure you send follow-ups with complementary content related to the purchase and inform them on upgrades. Moreover, send special offers and loyalty packages for your repetitive customers.OPTIMIZATION OF EMAIL LISTSIn order to maximize opportunities for business growth, your email lists must be optimized. In the following text, we are presenting techniques that will bring in a multitude of leads that can be nurtured into customers.Content Comes First Inbound marketing depends on the content. Even if someone gives you their information (email) and become a lead, the interaction will continue only if you succeed to engage them. Your primary efforts should thus be focused on creating qualitative, useful and desired content in matters of the niche you are a part of. Such content is built by examination of your targeted audience and their pre ferences. Once created it should be placed on your channels and cross-promoted.Make it Simple to DoConstruct simple, concise and fast forms for a subscription. Although every additional information can be used in targeting content, you should minimize questions, so your prospects do not back out. For example, your subscription form should require name, email address and possibly a multiple choice question on the reason for a subscription.Request Sharing Request sharing from your visitors and existing subscribers.Segment Audience and Approach Accordingly Use analytics tools to collect data and information on your subscribers and segment them in order to provide more personalized content.Cross-promotion Content marketing depends on cross-referencing your channels in order to maximize productivity. Provide ebooks, hold webinars, and free courses, write interesting blog posts and promote them on Twitter, Facebook, your website and in your emails.Call-out For Action One of the techniques which makes a great difference in the quantity of you mailing list is the presentation of subscription opportunities. Make sure all of your channels regularly offer a subscription to your visitors and followers. Include subscription forms on your website and cover key sections such as website’s homepage, blog’s main age, About Us and Contact Us pages. Use pop-outs to call for action â€" people tend to get less agitated by pop-outs when they offer something constructive.Another key segment of your subscription call for action is to clearly and visibly state that it is free because, obviously, people are more likely to opt-in.Special Offers in Exchange for Email Information Simulate more subscriptions by providing access to content your audience is interested in but only after subscription. Offer whitepapers, e-books, webinars and courses in exchange for email information. If your content has value, most people will gladly give their information. After they have subscribed, make sure to use knowledge of their interest spheres to target them with similar or related content through email.Co-marketIn order to widen and refresh your mailing list, partner up with another business owner and agree upon mutual promotion. Bear in mind that you should not partner up with equivalent businesses (you are diminishing each other’s competitiveness) nor with a completely unrelated niche to your own. Partner up within your niche but with the difference in offered products and/or services.Traditional approach Use your daily endeavors, meetings, and events to promote your business. Give your email address as a means of communication continuation.Include Customized as well as Unsubscription Opportunities Monitor, the subscribers satisfaction, levels in regard to the frequency of email interaction. Offer opportunities for reduced or increased amount of emails you send to them according to their preferences. Include options for unsubscriptions as it will be useful in measuring efficiency. Also, it does not do much for your business to have a passive mailing list.Adjust Frequency to Customer Sales CyclesDetermining the duration of sales cycles for your segmented audience will influence the amount of email content sent. The sales cycle is the whole process from the first interaction, i.e. micro conversion from prospect to lead, to the first purchase.MEASURING EFFICIENCY IF YOUR EMAIL MARKETINGMarketing is a science because it uses analytical data to construct productive strategies. Email is one of the most gratifying channels for collecting campaign efficiency statistics. These are the metrics you can employ so as to acquire comprehensive overview of your endeavors: Opened Emails: The amount of opened emails provides insights into how active your subscribers are in interaction with your company. Studies show that up to 64% of people open emails based on the subject line. In order to optimize your subject lines use ten characters or less and personalize them . With B2B marketing, terms such as ‘money’, ‘profit’ and ‘revenue’ have shown to be most effective for email opening. Links Clicked: Amount of links followed from the email show success of call-to-action elements: choice of words, amount of information given, position in text, etc. Email Instigated Conversions: Use a tracking code on your website to acquire information on the amount of conversions made via email links. It is one of the most useful metrics for email analysis because it provides understanding of online purchase behavioral patterns of your customer. Subscription Rate: Monitoring the subscription rate allows you to keep track of the efficiency of your other channels and can bring attention to issues in management. Un-subscription Rate: As mentioned above, the number of un-subscriptions can point to the necessity of strategy re-evaluation. Request feedback from your un-subscribed members, so as to determine reasons behind their decision. Bounced Emails: The percentage of emails that did not reach their destination can point out inactive accounts and thus prevent clutter of unproductive addresses in your mailing list. Bounced emails can show problems with your email service such as the difficulty of finding the unsubscribe button (which might lead subscribers to mark your mail as ‘spam’). Temporal Statistics: By monitoring the temporal trends in opening emails, you can target your subscribers on an hourly basis. Moreover, you can compare the productivity of your campaigns and specific content over more or less extensive periods of time.STATISTICS ON EMAIL MARKETINGIn this section, we are presenting some up to date statistics regarding email marketing, its productivity, and profitability.The amount of 3.6 billion email accounts and more than 247 billion emails sent daily make email marketing an indispensable strategy for reaching massive amounts of the audience. The number of email accounts is expected to rise to 4.3 billion by 2017 which shows a positive trend in email marketing.Rates of opened mail revolve around 30%.91% of email owners check their account at least once a day. 48% of login happens through mobile devices (optimize your emails for different mediums: mobile phones, tablets, desktop).90% of customers state preference for communication with a brand through email (10% opted for Facebook) and 44% of customers make at least one purchase based on email newsletter.72% of customers opt for email communication because of special offers and discounts.Studies show that email based customer acquisition influences the amount of money willing to be paid in reference to social media (up to 135%).Email revenue reached 156 million dollars in 2012.Return of Investment (ROI) is extremely high: revenue rises to 44.25$ for 1$ invested in email marketing. In other words, it is extremely profitable to invest in this form of marketing.56% of businesses state that they will be optimizing their email strategies in the fo llowing year.Managing your email strategy can result in the massive increase of leads and provide means to nurture these leads into customers. Through proper subscription campaigns based on content distribution, prospects will increase their engagement in your business and become both potential customers as well as an advertising apparatus. Email communication will become a powerful tool in customer journey management because you will be able to personalize and specify your approach and offers according to segmented audiences. Moreover, usage of email efficiency metrics will enable insights into your customer’s behavioral patterns thus enabling you to address them optimally. Lastly, this metrics will serve as alert signals that will point out issues and malfunctions in your services that need to be managed.When all things add up, it becomes clear that email marketing is one of the basic constituents of functional marketing nowadays â€" if done properly. As we have stated numerous times, constructing something valuable always takes time and significant effort, but when the other side of the scale is filled with self-accomplishment, profit, longevity, and endurance, it seems like a bargain, doesn’t it?

Aristotle s Rhetoric And Rhetoric - 1365 Words

Aristotle is given a lot of credit for developing the basics of the system that forms the rhetoric. The rhetoric is regarded as the most important work that was written on persuasion. This rhetoric was never meant to be published but it was instead a collection of notes by his students from his lectures. It shows the development of his thoughts in two periods while Aristotle was in Athens. Aristotle developed the rhetoric in two phases, first when he was in Athens and the second phase when he was head of his own school which was called the Lyceum. According to Aristotle, rhetoric was seen as a means or as a way that was used to manipulate others by not stating facts and also messing around with people’s emotions. Aristotle is the one who identified rhetoric as one of the key elements alongside with logic and dialect. The first line of the rhetoric is that, ‘rhetoric is a counterpart of dialect’. He says that logic is the key that is concerned with reasoning to rea ch scientific goals while both dialect and rhetoric are the parts that are concerned with probability. With this, he said that these three elements were the ones that were best suited to human affairs. Dialect as a tool for philosophy is a way for skilled personnel to test their knowledge so that they can be able to learn. Rhetoric as a tool of philosophy is a means for persuading an audience using basic knowledge so as to solve issues (Hagberg Jost, 2009). Aristotle defines rhetoric as the ability to persuadeShow MoreRelatedAristotle s Views On Rhetoric Essay1705 Words   |  7 Pages Rhetoric is controversially the foundation of every society, relationship, and piece of writing, but the branches which extend off rhetoric are commonly not analyzed with the same depth. One figure of speech in particular intertwines a level of complexity that allows for a drastic amount of interpretation: 3metaphors. A metaphor is nearly always within one’s speech, intentional or unintention al; a metaphor allows a reader to dive deeper into a text and allows more creativity to be shown. The protegeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Aristotle s Theory Of Rhetoric1764 Words   |  8 PagesRhetoric can best be explained as how a speaker uses persuasion to influence their intended audience. Rhetoric is usually seen as a power that we as communicators are using to obtain the belief of others. Almost everyone uses rhetoric throughout their everyday lives without even knowing. We are constantly communicating with one another trying to prove some sort of point. 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Rhetoric is acknowledged best from the description of Aristotle who regards it as a compliment ofRead MoreThe Reign Of Ancient Greek Philosophers982 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle The reign of ancient Greek philosophers was one that was remembered for centuries. One philosopher stood out amongst the rest. He is known as Aristotle. Aristotle made extremely significant contributions to human knowledge. His writings were extremely incredible and he paved the way for philosophers long after him. Aristotle was born in 384 B.C in a town called Stagira in the northern part of Greece. He was born to a set of parents who were members of medical families. His father was aRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Aristotle s Philosophy Of Western Thought Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesRhetoric is debatably the foundation of every society, relationship, and piece of writing, but the branches which extend off of rhetoric are usually not analyzed with the same depth. One figure of speech in particular intertwines a level of complexity that allows for a drastic amount of interpretation: metaphors. A metaphor is nearly always within one’s speech, intentional or unintentional; a metaphor allows a reader to dive deeper into a text and allows more creativity to be shown. The protege ofRead MoreRhetoric And Its Impact On All Subjects1493 Words   |  6 PagesRhetoric can be used in many areas. Depend on how, where, and who, rhetoric can help or hurt people. Some approached rhetoric as the art of persuasion with little or no relations to truth, however, the elements of rhetoric had a great impact on all subjects. The definition of rhetoric is not just bounded in terms of a specific field of study or a certain individual. Also, rhetoric during the ancient period is still important to modern time learners. Especially, one can see many classical rhetoriciansRead MoreHuman Rights And Women s Rights1129 Words   |  5 Pagesare human rights once and for all.† On September 5, 1995, 180 countries came together in Beijing China to hear first lady Hillary Clinton s speech about women s rights. This speech was the United Nations Fourth World Conference of Women. The target audience for this speech is governments and other organizations that can help meet the goal of making women s rights human rights. She addressed problems that every single country faced concerning the liberties of women, and why it was important thatRead MoreComparison Of Greek And Ancient Chinese Co ncepts Of Logic1397 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition achieved? In Chinese and Greek rhetoric, or what we have come to generalize as the term rhetoric, an examination of logic can show how critical a role it took in both cultures and how enduring those concepts have been. Before a comparison between Greek and Ancient Chinese concepts of logic can be made, it is important to note that discussing rhetoric in this fashion is difficult because of disparities in translation. In fact, the term rhetoric doesn t clearly encompass the discourse of

Learning Temperance in Homer’s Odyssey Essay - 1522 Words

Learning Temperance in Homer’s Odyssey Being a work of importance in the western tradition of philosophy, The Odyssey is much more than some play written by Homer ages ago. Though The Odyssey certainly is a dramatic work and partially intended for entertainment, it also provides insight into the ways of thinking of the time it has been written in. Aside from illustrating the perspective of early Greek philosophy The Odyssey also raises certain questions pertaining to virtues and the morality of actions undertaken therein. Such questions and the pursuit of their answers may also lead to a better understanding of the actions taken in present-day society and the human condition in general. One of the virtues that is present†¦show more content†¦Thus, the mention of temperance is to henceforth refer to that precise self-restraint in conduct, expression, and indulgence of the appetites. However, it is also to draw upon Aristotles notion of the mean. When it comes to moral virtues, Aristotle provides the concept o f a mean in order to determine how much or how little of a specific attribute is to be exhibited by a character so that the proper dosage may become a moral virtue. The deficiency or excess of the attribute in question thus determines the resulting character of the individual. In the instance of fear, a deficiency produces recklessness (Baird). This can be related to The Odyssey well by taking the encounter with the Kyklopes and the blinding of Polyphemos by Odysseus companions. If Odysseus were satisfied with the amount of food attained prior to Polyphemos return, and not be so greedy as to go and take the stores of the Kyklops too, he may have returned to Ithaka years before his actual homecoming. Such is the course of action taken by the man skilled in all ways of contending, as to bring upon him the anger of Poseidon throughout The Odyssey. On the other hand, the excess of fear yields cowardice, which is certainly not a characteristic of any skilled man in The Odyssey. The strive thus, is to find the mean between deficiency and excess. To temper the attribute of fear into

The Chinese Three Gorges Programme Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(91) " Ship locks and two manner lanes were activated and started their map of hive awaying H2O\." Human world has put together great undertakings on this Earth of Earth, may it be building undertakings, IT related, direction based or sing any other field, work forces has excelled at every point and impression. To sort any set of activities as undertaking, one should foremost cognize what constitutes a Undertaking. Undertaking is a figure of activities targeted to accomplish a certain end, with the aid of limited resources, in a pre decided clip frame ( Kerzner, 1998 ) Many critics and experts have commented upon the sudden heaving of involvement in the filed of Project Management shown by the houses and particularly to the tallness that this rush has taken, that is beyond the boundaries of the conventional sectors of technology and different building related undertakings ( Sydow et al. We will write a custom essay sample on The Chinese Three Gorges Programme Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now , 2002 ) Just for case, have identified how immense and large organisations and companies are re-arranging into less interfering instead than being bureaucratic and seeking to go more ductile and lissome undertaking managing entities. Davies, Brady and Hobday ( 2006 ) suggested that houses and companies in all kind of concerns are reasoning that customary organizational formation and hierarchy, every bit good as subdivisions of runing units, trade divisions and units set up for continuing elevated degree of volume through arrangement of high quality goods and services and for deducing determinations in a relatively steady proficient and market state of affairs, are no longer sufficient. In the fast neutering and increasingly more unstable and obscure ambiance, today houses and concerns are happening that undertaking constitution of some kind is better suited to the type of probationary problems and gaps of opportunities that they have to manage. Others recommend that undertakings are acquiring liberally proportioned, more intricate and extended. Gradually more undertakings expand beyond the single administration or house. In add-on, there is cogent evidence of a more cosmopolitan dependance on undertakings, and besides that this widens beyond the confines of working life to a wider projectification of society The projectification of the public construct attempts to confine the colonization of a batch of note of life with undertaking associated doctrine, policy, methods and traffics, draw a bead oning to determine a new construct of undertaking clarity. ( Hodgson A ; Cicmil, 2003. ) Undertaking of the Three Gorges Dam One of the greatest and successful undertakings handled and completed by the work forces on this Earth is Three Gorges Dam Project built on the Yangtze River in China. Sun Yatsen, a Chinese political leader foremost wished for building a H2O dike on the River of Yangtze in 1919 for the intent of power coevals, but the idea was put on clasp due to adverse political and economic fortunes. Major inundations resurrected the thought and the authorities adopted it in 1954 for inundation control. Therefore in the history of China Three Gorges Project has a polar topographic point. The undertaking produces electricity, gives protection against inundations, had increased the transportation paths which in bend had positive impact ; the undertaking has been of great talk and contentions at the same clip Some of the of import statistics of the Three Gorges Dam Project are given below Dimensions: 185 m ( 606 foot ) high and 1,983 m ( 6,500 foot ) wide Water Level Increase: The degree of H2O was intended to travel up in 2 stages ; by 2004 it will augment by 30 m to 125m ( 426 foot ) and by 2009 will raise another 50m to 175 m ( 575 foot ) Cost Estimate: In 1985, the sum estimated was predicted to relieve by 2 to 5 times, it was about 10 billion US dollars at that clip Financing: Beginnings of financess were different, some from Corporate Bond, others from loans from Bankss. Materials Used: It was record breakage, stuff used in Three Gorges Dam, that is 1.9 million dozenss or rolled steel, about lumber was 1.6 million and cement was 10.8 million dozenss. Construction Time period: 1993 – 2009 Land submerged: In a unsmooth figure there were 13 metropoliss, 657 mills. Towns that got submerged were 140 in figure and small towns were 1352 to be exact. Resettlement of Peoples: Resettlement was done in three phases, 1.3 million people around got relocated from twelvemonth 1997-2009. Energy Production: . It can cover around 11-15 % of Chinese population with around 84 billion KW hours produced every twelvemonth. ( Statistics collected from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.imperialtours.net/3gorges_dam.htm ) Timeline of the Three Gorges Dam Project The great undertaking of the Three Gorges Dam started its building in 1992 with the blessing of the missive of building. The chief building of the dike started in the twelvemonth 1999. As this undertaking took 17 ( 17 ) old ages to acquire finished, therefore the figure of of import events and phases in this undertaking are mentioned below in a simple chart signifier. Gantt chart could non hold accommodated itself on the word papers. Jan.25th, 1999 The major building model of the Dam started in a proper manner. Sep.15th, 2000 The waterproofing of the 22 underside holes for recreation for the discharge of inundation was done. Dec.31st, 2001 The deposition of the concrete in the three gorges Dam was about 4.0638 million M3 ( regular hexahedron ) which was besides a universe record. May 1st, 2002 The Cofferdam was demolished after its intent was fulfilled which was to let a path of Yangtze River to spurt into the base of the Three Gorges Dam which guarded the entry into the chief Three Gorges Dam Project. Oct.21st, 2002 The building of embankment for the inundation discharge was completed Nov. 6th, 2002 The successful building of the recreation tunnel for the flow in the River of Yangtze was completed. Nov. 7th, 2002 The Three Gorges Dam Project entered into the piecing stage because the universe s largest turbine generator was successfully installed into the right place. May 30th, 2003 The three gaps and mercantile establishments meant for the inundation discharge were opened. June 1st, 2003 Five staged Ship locks and two manner lanes were activated and started their map of hive awaying H2O. You read "The Chinese Three Gorges Programme Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" June 16th, 2003 The five staged ship locks and the two manner lane were put into test of pilotage. July 10th, 2003 Another set of Power coevals unit was installed along with the grids and its started bring forthing electricity. Aug. 18th, 2003 The 3rd set of power bring forthing unit was connected and started bring forthing power. Nov. 22nd, 2003 The chief and the no.1 power unit was installed and configured and started electricity coevals Jan. 9th, 2004 The undertaking of Three Gorges Dam entered into the 3rd stage of Construction during which the largest ship lifter, the right bank of the dike, the power station was built which were universe s largest. Apr. 30th, 2004 Another no. 7 power coevals unit was connected with the left side of Power station and started operation. July 8th, 2004 The five staged ship locks and the two manner lanes were officially opened after traveling through the test period of pilotage July 26th, 2004 Another set up of the power coevals unit, no. 11 was installed and brought to functional degree. Aug.24th, 2004 Another set up of the power coevals unit, no. 08 was installed and brought to functional degree. Dec.28th, 2004 The electricity power works which supplies to the Shanghai starts its operations in the metropolis of Yidu in state of Hubei. Sep.16th, 2005 In one twelvemonth in front to the building agenda in bring forthing electricity, the Fourteen ( 14 ) Machgrs connected to the dike through side bank starts its operations. Feb.10th, 2006 The execution of the glade work at the underside of the dike started. March 29th, 2006 The formal building period of the dike started May 20th, 2006 With the support of human resource and pecuniary aid, the Three Gorges Dam was fundamentally completed. Sep 25th, 2007 The H2O degree had risen to 512 pess about, had passed the recession because of inundation and enters 2007. Oct.29th, 2008 All the hydropower bring forthing workss were put into actions and generated powers which in sum were 26 units. The last one being the no. 15 unit was besides installed into the right bank of the dike. This was the last of the power units to be installed in the dike Aug.29th, 2009 The 3rd stage of the Three Gorges Dam Project was checked and accepted, that was to raise the H2O degree to 175 metres, at the ideal tallness. Sep.15th, 2009 The full usage of the dike being flood control, H2O path, and power coevals, all was brought to working phase. ( Three Gorges Dam Timeline ) Purposes and Aims of Three Gorges Project While analyzing the benefits that would be derived from the completion of some undertaking, particularly undertakings like building a big dike, it is of import that its societal impacts should besides be studied before manus. For comparing the wakes of the undertakings it s vitally of import that the former societal state of affairs should be known. And by ciphering the possible hazard of ruins, societal impacts could be measured. There can be positive effects excessively ; those will be counted as benefits. The major purposes targeted through this undertaking were: Flood control Flood control was the first motivation for the Three Gorges Dam program. Chinese files demonstrated that 200 plus major inundations, on norm about one per every ten old ages, happened between 185 BC and 1900 AD. Floods had an impact on the economic system every bit good, the loss which took topographic point due to monolithic impact on the markets. ( Ministry of Water Resources of Peoples Republic of China, 1994 ) . The storage capacity of the TGD, that is 39.3 billion M3s, over half that was 22.15 billion M3 was fixed and was supposed to be used for inundation control, which permitted China to decrease the impact of lay waste toing inundations from degrees predicted one time every ten old ages to those predicted one time a century ( www.irn.org, 2004 ) . Power Coevals The 2nd but non less of import factor which was the ground for the building of this undertaking of Three Gorges Dam was the monolithic power production. The power supply in China has seen major short of supply in past few old ages and hence one of the main grounds for which the completion of this undertaking was anticipated was 18.2 million KW end products, which besides made this Dam as the largest power production unit in this universe. This addition in the China s electric supply will give a encouragement to the lifting growing degree of China s economic system. And in approaching old ages it is predicted that China s power supply will augment more. ( Albert,1998 ) Increase in Navigation The 3rd ground towards which this undertaking targeted and achieved was the addition in the H2O paths. The Three Gorges Dam allowed the Pacific Ocean watercourse into Chongquing metropolis. This addition in the navigability affected the economic system in a positive mode, conveying new opportunities of occupations, callings in the countries where economical encouragement was needed. ( Albert, 1998 ) Handiness of fresh H2O Last but non least, handiness of fresh H2O to the indigens in the nearby country for the intent of irrigation and cultivation every bit good as for the imbibing intent. The wages that will be gained from the Three Gorges Dam Project are of import and will hold lasting, constructive impacts on the economic system of China. From an economic point of position, the Three Gorges Dam is a dramatic, utile enlargement pick that in add-on has the chance to assist society in footings of security, well-being, and overall value of life. ( Marta A ; Jordi, 2006 ) The production of energy in itself was such a immense factor that all the negative points against the building of Three Gorges Dam were neglected but however critics raised their voices and made some issues related to environmental jeopardies, cultural heritage, and population relocations etc. some of the negative impacts caused by the three Gorges Dam are discussed below. Control A ; Distribution System Other Dams Chemistry for Stability Power Grid Pollution Generator No and Type Problem Silt Electric Resource Surrounding Geography Concrete Granite Cement Structural REQS Base Layer Stability A ; Tectonic Plate Movement Dam Structure Reservoir A ; Dam Weight Water Resource Deluging Stabilize Concrete Remission Water Quality Flood Control Lift/Lock Navigation Other Dams Irrigation ( Figure 1 A relational web map of the physical constituents of the dike undertaking ) Negative impact of the Three Gorges Dam Project The World Commission on Dams in their study have clearly said that buildings of really big dikes have negative affects on the environment. In their study of World Commissions on Dam, they have discussed some of the common jeopardies like consequence on the wildlife in woods, emanation of unsafe gasses like nursery gas, bad impact on marine life, formation of wetlands and inauspicious affects on the quality of H2O due to the accretion of H2O from different dikes. ( Peter, 2008 ) Resettlements and Relocation of Population Another point of contention that took topographic point in the building of Three Gorges Dam is that whenever a Dam of such a magnitude is constructed, big relocation of population takes topographic point and same happen in the instance of Three Gorges Dam. In the start is was estimated that 1 million to 2 million of population has to be relocated, but the existent figure was ne’er confirmed, some say 1.2 million were to be shifted, though more than 1 million people were resettled during the building stage of the Dam. Another facet to the resettlement and relocation was the psychological and societal affect on the population who were to be relocated and hence a batch of community oriented critics were against this undertaking. ( Marta A ; Jordi, 2006 ) Damage to the Landscape and Cultural Heritage Another factor which was raised as a inquiry in the affair of Three Gorges was the alteration in the natural landscape of that topographic point. The degree of reservoir had its impact on the archeological sites and the topographic points counted as antediluvian ruins. The disposal looking after the building of the Three Gorges Dam said they would seek to salvage the cultural heritage every bit much as possible. The Success-Failure Analysis of the Undertaking The Three Gorges Dam undertaking would be considered as a Success despite a batch of negative impact that it has caused because this undertaking achieved for what it set out as marks. The technology and the managerial section of the Three Gorges Dam were implementing a systematic attack in their Transporting out this undertaking. They all were known and good cognizant of the problems and jeopardies in building this big dike and make fulling it with H2O. Like any other large building undertaking will hold some cost and benefits to it, the Three Gorges Dam besides did hold some cost and benefits. ( Peter, 2008 ) The Iron Triangle To mensurate the success of this undertaking, the theoretical account of Iron Triangle will be used. Iron Triangle is the traditional and Orthodox manner of mensurating the success of any undertaking yet this is the most widely used theoretical account for this intent. The Fe trigon is besides referred to as the Project direction trigon. Like any other undertaking and like Fe trigon step, a undertaking has its ain restraints which can be clip, cost and range. ( Wikipedia ) The Fe trigon constitutes three success standards which are Cost, Time and Quality. Time Quality Cost ( Figure 2: The Iron Triangle ) Cost of the Three Gorges Dam Project The Undertaking cost was about 180 billion Yuan, which was about 12 % under budget which makes around 30 billion USD. The lessening in the cost of the undertaking was non due to the less disbursement ; instead it was due to the low rising prices rate in China. The resettlement of the population of the nearby countries of the dike cost around 68.557 billion Yuan, which has besides been included in this entire cost. Construction wise, this undertaking has non proved to be an expensive undertaking because the building cost incurred on this undertaking of Three Gorges Dam was 64.613 billion Yuans and the full return of the cost from the coevals of power is predicted in following 10 old ages. The approximative power coevals expected to be generated from this Three Gorged Dam is 1000 TW/h. ( Marta A ; Jordi, 2006 ) The over all clip span that this undertaking took was 17 ( 17 ) old ages, but till eleventh ( 11th ) twelvemonth merely, funding were required because after that the undertaking became self sufficient and generated financess from the power supply of the few power units installed by so. So merely for fist 11 ( 11 ) old ages, financess were needed. Beginnings of Fundss The beginnings of financess included the Construction Fund of Three Gorges Dam, grosss from the Gezhouba Dam, loans taken and granted from the China Development Bank, and foreign commercial Bankss, bonds natured corporate, and net incomes before and after the start of the operational activities of the dike. The over all Directors utilized the financess allocated for the undertaking really good and completed the undertaking in the lesser sum than expected or was predicted. Time of the Three Gorges Project The clip span of the Three Gorges Dam was planned in these 17 Old ages, the complete break-up of the agenda was pre planned harmonizing to the old ages. They planned for the readying and the first phase building to be completed in five ( 5 ) old ages that is from 1993-1997, so 2nd phase of building was scheduled to acquire finished in six ( 6 ) old ages, from 1998-2003 which got its milepost on clip and entered into the 3rd stage of its building and completed that in six ( 6 ) old ages excessively till 2009 and came into functional. Previously the targeted twelvemonth to finish the undertaking was 2008 but so it was rescheduled and 2009 was decided and it git finished in 2009. ( Henry et al.. , 2004 ) Quality of the Three Gorges Project The quality of the undertaking was checked and approved at each measure, despite the big graduated table and the difficult proficient and societal confronts directed by the Three Gorges Dam, the applied scientists of China were able to suppress the obstructors at each phase of the undertaking. A batch unfavorable judgment was done on this undertaking of Three Gorges Dam and a batch inquiries were raised, but these unfavorable judgments did non travel in vain as at each phase and degree, the directors took actions against each affair and resolved the issue by taking steps against them and implementing the controlled program in the building. ( Henry et al.. , 2004 ) Until now there haven Ts been any studies of the slits or minor alterations in the substructure of the Three Gorges Dam, which shows that the dike has possible to bear the H2O degree which is maintained in it and was constructed for. Recommendations Whatever the graduated table or degree of the undertaking was, there is ever a infinite between flawlessness and the existent degree of work. In the undertaking of Three Gorges Dam, the decision makers have taken attention of the Time, Cost and quality but the conservationists who had issues sing the unsafe effects on the certain species of the fish found in the Yangtze river were put to hazard. There might hold been some possible manner to avoid that ecological devastation and the jeopardies caused in the environment. The cost of affects caused on the environment was excessively high. Therefore a batch of critics think that the undertaking of Three Gorges Dam from the start was a incorrect determination, nevertheless I would instead reason that despite that fact that it caused environmental devastation, it has given china a manner to turn out to the universe that they, with the biggest Dam in the universe are ready to go the 2nd biggest ace power in the this century. China is on its manner for its finish. Decision The celebrated and universe renowned Three Gorges Dam of China has quickly achieved its decision. This undertaking of Three Gorges dike, had a immense aggregation of peripheral developmental strategy along with it, comprised the main H2O supply enlargement in the past history of world. As happens with any other cardinal building programs that well changes or amends a watershed, this undertaking of the Three Gorges Dam had of import costs and payback. Among the most major wages were the production of energy without nursery gas releases, developments in pilotage, and possible lessening in inundation dangers. Among the most notable costs were immense supplantings of 1000000s of Chinese people to do path for the dike and H2O reservoir, farther environmental sordidness of the River of Yangtze s ecology and piscaries, a bead in deposit touching the Eastern China Sea, and a lifting hazard of new avalanche and reservoir persuaded seismicity. Over old ages, the overall benefits and net income s of the undertaking would go more obvious. How to cite The Chinese Three Gorges Programme Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

The Plot Of Star Wars Episode Ii Essays - Fictional Cyborgs

The Plot Of Star Wars Episode Ii: THE PLOT OF STAR WARS EPISODE II: Rather than write it all myself, Josh Griffin of TheForce.net has given me permission to use one of TFn's updates (this one) called The Story So Far. Everything written in grey is from TFn, and everything in purple is stuff I've added. I have also added links to the official site's select images so you can see how they fit in with the story. As Episode II begins, we learn that Amidala has left the throne on Naboo and has been replaced by the newly elected Queen Jamillia (Select 9: Queen Jamillia). Now going by the name Padme Naberrie, she represents Naboo in the Galactic Senate. We also learn of a deal between Count Dooku and Jango Fett. In exchange for the right to clone an army out of Jango, Dooku gives Jango... a present. At one point, Senator Padme intercedes in a dispute between the Geonosians, the Kaminoans, the Commerce Guild, and the Intergalactic Bank Clan. She uncovers some corruption (created by Darth Sidious) and possible plans by the Neimodians to re-arm themselves. She voices this concern in the Senate. After becoming a blabber-mouth and speaking out against corruption, there is a failed assassination attempt by Zam Wesell in the Senate. Zam, I believe, has been hired by Senator Orn Free Taa (Select 3: Orn Free Taa). Padm? doesn't think her personal bodyguard Captain Typho is enough, so she turns to the Jed i for help. Yoda and Mace Windu assign Anakin and Obi-Wan to protect her because they have done so in the past.Obi-Wan, Anakin, Padm?, and her two handmaidens - Cord? (Veronica Segura) and another (Rose Byrne) - later go to a night club called Dex's Diner. (Select 6: Dex's Diner) There is a scene in the club in which Elian Sleazebagno (Matt Doran) does some trouble making (not sure what - maybe he hits on Padm?, who knows.) During this scene Zam Wesell attempts to shoot Padm? (Select 14: Zam Wesell) but ends up killing Cord?. Obi-Wan and Anakin chase Zam (Select 1: Running Anakin) through the streets of Coruscant and catch up with her. They attempt to interrogate the bounty hunter to find out who she's working for, but she is killed by a Kyber Dart shot from Jango Fett who was hiding in the shadows. At this point, the Jedi Council assigns Anakin Skywalker to accompany Padme back to Naboo where she'll be safe. He takes her back to the planet and meets her parents, Jobal Naberrie and Ruwee Naberrie, as well as her sisters. Jar Jar and the other Gungans come along and also vow to protect Padme. Although it may seem too early in the film, Annie and Padm? are in *love*. Anakin and Padm? get married on Naboo at a small little wedding near a lake. After the wedding, they go on a private boat cruise up a river. I believe this is the point in the saga in which Luke and Leia are conceived - in other words, Anakin and Padm? do the nasty in the boat. Meanwhile, Obi-Wan goes on a quest with Plo Koon to find out more about who is behind the assassination attempt and the corruption in the Senate. He travels to a planet run by Count Dooku and discovers plans for a clone army to be created. He also tracks down Jango Fett and his young son Boba Fett. Turns out that Jango is being used as a template to make the clones. Obi-Wan soon finds himself in an all-too-familiar scene in which Plo Koon is fighting Jango Fett and Obi-Wan is unable to assist. Plo Koon is killed by Jango. Jan go tries to flee and Obi-Wan chases after him. Just before Jango can get into his ship and take off, Obi-Wan catches up with him on the landing platform. Young Boba Fett, who has been waiting for his father (Select 17: Boba in Slave I), runs into Slave I while Obi-Wan and Jango get in a fight ouside the ship in the pouring rain (Select 10: Singing in the Rain *A Joke*). The battle ends in a stalemate and Jango gets away, but not before

Philosophical and Practical Approach for Balancing Issues essayEssay Writing Service

Philosophical and Practical Approach for Balancing Issues essayEssay Writing Service Philosophical and Practical Approach for Balancing Issues essay Philosophical and Practical Approach for Balancing Issues essayIt is highly important for any person working in criminal justice or planning to work in criminal justice to have ethical standards of conduct that will guide the choices and decisions in complex situations. It is also important to have a personal ethical philosophy because criminal justice professionals often have to deal with offenders and criminals and might have to face conflicts of interest or conflicts of ethical principles in their work. The purpose of this paper is to discuss my personal philosophy and approach for balancing the following issues: individual rights and the publics protection, balancing the use of immoral means to achieve desirable objectives, balancing the use of reward and punishment and to recommend ways of using ethics in decision-making pertaining to the considered issues in criminal justice.Individual rights and the publics protectionOne of key issues in the work of a criminal justice professi onal is balancing social order and public protection with maintaining individual rights and liberties (Souryal, 2010). In this context, my personal ethical philosophy is based on a combination of utilitarian approach and deontology. The basis of the existence of the society is the primacy of the common good and law over individual rights in critical situations (Souryal, 2010).I rely on the following principle: individual freedom can be limited for the purposes of promoting the common welfare, for protecting citizens and for ensuring social order. At the same time, in ambiguous situations when it is not clear whether the common good or social order will be affected by my particular choice, I use utilitarian approach and weigh the balance of positive and negative consequences, taking into account both the depth of limiting individual rights and the breadth of the consequent effect for the common good. For example, if someone is performing actions that might lead to terrorist acts or m ake it easier for terrorists to attack a particular goal, it is justified to limit the individual rights and to request to alter or stop the actions for the purposes of protecting the public.The use of reward and punishment in criminal justiceThere exist different ethical views on reward and punishment in criminal justice. As for reward, there are two key approaches utilitarian (rewarding basing on the results) and justice (rewarding for effort) (Pollock, 2011). With regard to punishment, key approaches include retributive punishment punishing the offender for the crime committed in the extent comparable with the crime committed, utilitarian punishment punishment used to deter potential offenders from committing crimes, and punishment based on restitution punishment is performed to compensate the victims for their losses and suffering (Pollock, 2011).In my opinion, it is not possible to limit the choice to one particular theory of reward or punishment because there exist multipl e factors influencing the choice of reward or punishment. In the context of rewarding, I choose to reward for results when the undertaking was successful and for effort if the results were altered due to some unforeseen external circumstances. This approach allows to filter out the cases of window-dressing and motivates to achieve results. Regarding punishment, I tend to rely on utilitarian view and choose punishment which will likely deter potential offenders from committing crimes.The use of immoral means to accomplish desirable endsA notable ethical issue in criminal justice is the so-called Dirty Harry problem the use of immoral means to accomplish desirable ends by criminal justice professionals (Gaines Miller, 2012). In many cases, it is hardly possible to resolve the problem using moral means and it might be necessary to use bribes, lying, sham to stop offenders or to prevent crimes. Furthermore, it might be not possible to resist criminals without resorting to immoral mean s (Gaines Miller, 2012). On the other hand, the use of immoral means places criminal justice professionals on the same footing with criminals.In my case, ethical choice for this dilemma is the following. I believe that it is admissible to use immoral means to accomplish desirable ends for a criminal justice professional in the following circumstances: 1) the ends should be unquestionably desirable and failing to reach these ends should be unquestionably undesirable; 2) there should be no effective way of achieving the ends using only moral means (Gaines Miller, 2012);Â   and 3) the ends should be so urgent that not using all available means to achieve them would be immoral. These conditions limit the use of immoral means to only urgent and important ends, and primarily rely on deontological principles (condition 1) and utilitarian principles (condition 2 and 3).Using ethics in decision-making in criminal justiceKey theories of normative ethics utilitarian ethics, deontology, vir tue ethics and justice ethics provide the background for ethical decision-making which can be very useful in ambiguous situations in criminal justice. Basing on my experience, it is possible to provide several recommendations for ethical decision-making in criminal justice.First of all, I think that criminal justice professionals should follow several key deontological principles such as the primacy of law, the importance of protecting the common good and social order, etc. These principles are useful, for example, in the situations when individual rights and public protection come into conflict.Secondly, I believe that utilitarian approach is quite efficient in the situations when other approaches fail to provide a way out of the situation or where they produce very inefficient decisions. In particular, utilitarian view can be used to assess the use of immoral means to achieve desirable ends provided that the person making the decision has enough information to be able to assess t he consequences of own actions.Thirdly, utilitarian approach also appears to be efficient for choosing reward and punishment, and balancing reward and punishment. Utilitarian approach to punishment allows to deter crime or at least to reduce the probability of crime, therefore targeting future crimes while other approaches address already committed crimes and might not affect future crimes. In addition, utilitarian approach is efficient for designing rewards and for increasing motivation of rewarded persons. These recommendations can be applied by criminal justice professionals when they have to make decisions in the presence of ethical dilemmas.

Bertrand Surname Meaning and Family History

Bertrand Surname Meaning and Family History A medieval French form of the given name Bertram, the Bertrand surname means bright raven, derived from the elements beraht, meaning bright or intelligent and hramn,  meaning raven. Bertrando is the Italian version of the surname. Bertrand is the 17th most common last name in France. Surname Origin: French Alternate Surname Spellings: BERTRAM, BERTRANDO Famous People with the Surname Bertrand Alexandre Bertrand -  French archaeologistJoseph Bertrand - French mathematicianAlexandre Jacques Franà §ois Bertrand  Ã‚  - French physician and mesmerist; father of Alexandre Bertrand and Joseph BertrandÉmile Bertrand - French mineralogist for whom bertrandite was namedAntoine de Bertrand - French Renaissance composerLouis Jacques Napolà ©on Bertrand (pen name  Aloysius Bertrand)  - French poet Where the Bertrand  Surname Is Most Common According to surname distribution from  Forebears, the Bertrand surname is most prevalent in France, where it ranks as the 21st most common last name in the country. Bertrand is also fairly common in Luxembourg, where it ranks 55th, as well as Belgium (107th) and Canada (252nd). It is almost twice as common today in the United States (ranked 2,667) as it was at the time of the 1880 census (5,258). Surname maps from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  demonstrate that the Bertrand surname is common throughout France, but is found in greatest numbers in the regions of Poitou-Charentes, Languedoc-Roussillon, Champagne-Ardenne, and Lorraine, as well as in nearby Wallonie, Belgium. Within the United States, Bertrand is, as you might expect, most common in Louisiana, while in Canada it is found in the greatest numbers in Quebec and the Northwest Territories. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Bertrand French Surname Meanings and Origins: Does your last name have origins in France? Learn about the various origins of French surnames and explore the meanings of some of the most common French last names.How to Research-French Ancestry: Learn about the various types of genealogical records available for researching ancestors in France and how to access them, plus how to locate where in France your ancestors originated.Bertrand Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Bertrand  family crest or coat of arms for the Bertrand surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.BERTRAND  Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Bertrand  surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Bertrand query.FamilySearch - BERTR AND Genealogy: Explore over 500,000  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Bertrand surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. DistantCousin.com - BERTRAND  Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Bertrand.GeneaNet - Bertrand  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Bertrand surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Bertrand Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Bertrand  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Slum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Slum - Essay Example That experience was horrible and embarrassing for any lady and these types of experiences were common for slum dwellers. The experiences of the slum dwellers will shock the readers and make them feel shame. They will a world apart, a beleaguered service sector, work force that surrounds new economy, which remains feeling bad about the unmet needs and desires. The health of those people should be taken care by some others like social service organizations or by the governments as they don't have enough money to spend lavishly on quality health services. Most of the medical facilities which are available with five star facilities and costly were just a dream for the people living in slums. The way the doctors, nurses and midwives deal with patients resemble class politics. Though some of nurses and midwives were part of the slums they treat their co dwellers as second grade citizens. The difference that has been shown and being shown was a result of the discrimination shown by the peop le who employ them. The homes of the people in the slums are not comfortable, forget about spaciousness. The myriad physical activities between the adults during night will not have any privacy and there is very much chance of exposed to children. This makes both adults and children psychologically depressed. This depression results in pessimism in many people and determination in only a few of people. So majority of the slum dwellers do not enjoy or achieve much in their life. If one or two achieve their stories will be an example to study. This shows that success is not common in slums as it was in other areas. The main reason for this is not only the psychological depression caused due to living in uncomfortable houses but also the economical inability to join their children in the schools that offer quality education. The schools which accommodate slum children do not have qualified teachers or a play ground for the children to play. The class rooms can be considered as prison type and the children will feel quarantined rather than getting a learning experience. All the twenty four hours in the day will make the children to feel discomfort in one or the other way. The lack of satisfaction in them makes them vulnerable for various temptations of wrong doings. Majority of the children grow as youngsters to be attracted towards the illegal activities or towards the low wage jobs. This makes them again living in slums. Only the candidates who are meritorious congenitally will thrive in the education and get scholarships or lift in the society. The income of those people will hardly meet with the expenses of the comforts. When they go out they look for the facility which will give less expenditure. They do not bother about the comforts or in one sense they invite discomfort for the sake of saving money. They prefer to stay in the car or a bus for the night instead of taking a room in the hotel when they are outdoors. This is due to their financial inability to meet the expenses of both boarding and lodging when they go out. If one is met the other must be sacrificed. Generally they choose for meeting the boarding expenses and just adjust with the lodging facilities. The people in urban slums live in a type of settlement environment. This makes them insecure as they are supposed to evict at any time. The housing is not durable and precarious. As more number of people live in

Crime and Poverty Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Crime and Poverty - Thesis Example For purposes of this study, a definition of poverty and crime is outlined. A crime is an act committed in violation of the law commanding or forbidding it and for which a punishment is imposed upon conviction Legal definition of the word states crime is a wrongdoing classified by the State or Congress either as a Felony or Misdemeanor. A felony is a serious crime punishable by at least one year in prison. During the term of sentence, a person charged with felony loses certain rights such as the right to vote and hold public office. A convicted person is also not allowed to make contracts, get married, suing or keeping professional licenses. A misdemeanor is a crime for which punishment is usually a fine and/or a jail sentence of up to one year, but repeated offenses become a felony. Poverty is defined as a state of condition of having little or no money, goods or means of support. Several studies provided different measures on how poor a family or a person is. According to Boyes & Melvin, a family is poor if its income falls below a certain level and it is defined in an absolute sense: The U.S. uses poverty level, the World Banks uses per capita GNP, and economists use economic security index. The poverty level in U.S. for 2011 was set at $22,350 for a family of four. The World Bank uses per capita GNP of $755 or less as its criterion of a low-income country. In this definition, poverty becomes a relative concept, because the poverty level in U.S. would represent a substantial increase in the living standard of most of the poor people in the world.... Data showed that people do not readily conform to the poverty threshold or level set by the government. People contends that the $20,000 poverty threshold for a family of 4 does not reveal the true situation of poverty level, while others believed it should be higher. Poverty threshold is used by the government as a measure of poverty for a family to qualify in government programs, such as Head Start, Food Stamp Program, National School Lunch Program, the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program, etc. The review also revealed causes of poverty among the people of the United States, stating drug abuse as a major cause, health problems causing huge medical bills, and unemployment reasons. It is also noted that there is a rise in unemployment because of the economic crisis, but I find it intriguing to see too many single parents as a cause of poverty. I did not find any substantive data to support this claim of respondents of survey. Other reasons fall under social and culture since reasons given is that poor people lack motivation, a decline in moral values, while others put the blame on the poor quality of public schools. Drug abuse, health care, education and employment problems are concerns of the government and are larger in scope because of government funding needed to solve them. Towards the review three theories emerged why crimes are committed, the sociological, psychological and economic theories. These theories nullify the hypothesis that poverty is the cause of crime.

Use of Doubles in the Film, Shadow of A Doubt :: Movie Film Essays

Use of Doubles in the Film, Shadow of A Doubt The film Shadow of A Doubt uses doubles, a film concept in which a shot is created and then later exposed once again in another frame. There are various scenes in the movie where doubles are used to imply different ideas. Three concrete examples of this effect include the scenes where Uncle Charlie and young Charlie wake up, the scenes where both Charlie’s say that telling Emma about Uncles evildoings will be hurtful, and the scene of the trains going in opposites directions of each other. First and foremost, the scene where Uncle Charlie wakes up parallels directly to the scene of little Charlie waking up. The director makes it obvious that these two characters will be linked in some way through this use of doubles. Later in the film, we find that these two characters are closely connected but have a contrasting relationship. Their relationship was one of much love when Uncle first arrived to the family, and suddenly turned sour when little Charlie told Uncle that there was something inside him that no one knew. Next, Shadow of A Doubt uses the two different scenes where both Uncle Charlie and little Charlie say that telling Emma about Uncle will be hurtful are both combined into a double. The director does this in order to let the viewer see that both Uncle and little Charlie have common thoughts even though they have different perceptions on life. They have a common goal and that is for no one else to hurt from Uncles hidden evils. Lastly, this film uses doubles in the final scene of the movie where the two trains cross each other. This sequence is important due to the fact that Uncle was thrown under one of the trains to his death.

Black Genocide Essay

â€Å"Black Genocide in the 21st century† also called â€Å"Maafa† is an anti-abortionist documentary made in 2009 that speaks about the relevance of birth control, White America and Black America, Planned Parenthood and how it was established, also, the conspiracy behind abortion. The movie also deeply discusses the argument between abortion being genocide and it specifically targeting African Americans. Black Genocide was a very intriguing and interesting piece of material that filled my knowledge with much more than I had intended it doing. Before watching this video, I knew a little about abortion but not about the black genocide part. You see, I knew that abortion was a way for the government to obtain legal rights to abort children who weren’t able to be cared for but I didn’t know the government was using abortion as a way to limit the black population. I also knew that African Americans were having a lot of abortions and there were, and still is a lot of abortion facilities but never put together the idea of how they were getting access to this information, furthermore, the connection between eugenics and genocide. During the film, I learned so much information that is disgusted me and changed many of my views toward abortion and other things. I learned that in the early 1800’s, Americans feared retribution and resurrection because slavery was supposed to have ended. Intermarriage also lead to the loss of international purity and for that, they had a plan of colonization. Colonization was an affect that took place, and caused African Americans to be sent back to Africa. After the colonization, the new philosophy was established and was called â€Å"eugenics†, the perfect solution to what was known as â€Å"negro dilemma.† I also learned that Eugenics believed that Africans were inferior and without guidance, they couldn’t make it. Margaret Sanger was the founder of the â€Å"American birth control league† and was successful for promoting abortion and birth control. After watching the 21st century of black genocide, I wanted to know more about the situation with the NAACP and why the government still hasn’t publicly announced the conflict between the protesters and there undercover targets. I’d also like to know more about the positive and negative eugenics and why White America was considered positive eugenics when it was used to try and dominate the black parts of America and used as a companion to exterminate African Americans. I’d also like to know more about Planned Parenthood and to see if the facilities were still being targeted in minority places. I’d also like to know more about White America and the Planned Parenthood meetings, and also if Planned Parenthood groups still targeted low poverty neighborhoods of different race, such as Caucasians.

Centeotl - The Aztec God (or Goddess) of Maize

Centeotl (sometimes spelled Cinteotl or Tzinteotl and sometimes called Xochipilli or Flower Prince) was the main Aztec god of American corn, known as maize. Centeotls name (pronounced something like Zin-tay-AH-tul) means â€Å"Maize Cob Lord† or â€Å"the Dried Ear of the Maize God†. Other Aztec gods associated with this all-important crop included the goddess of sweet corn and tamales Xilonen (Tender Maize), the goddess of seed corn Chicomecoà ¡tl (Seven Serpent), and Xipe Totec, the fierce god of fertility and agriculture. Centeotl represents the Aztec version of a more ancient, pan-Mesoamerican deity. Earlier Mesoamerican cultures, such as the Olmec and Maya, worshiped the maize god as one of the most important sources of life and reproduction. Several figurines found at Teotihuacà ¡n were representations of a maize goddess, with a coiffure resembling a tasseled ear of maize. In many Mesoamerican cultures, the idea of kingship was associated with the maize god. Origin of the Maize God Centeotl was the son of Tlazolteotl or Toci, the goddess of fertility and childbirth, and as Xochipilli he was the husband of Xochiquetzal, the first woman to give birth. Like many Aztec deities, the maize god had a dual aspect, both masculine and feminine. Many Nahua (Aztec language) sources report that the Maize god was born a goddess, and only in later times became a male god named Centeotl, with a feminine counterpart, the goddess Chicomecoà ¡tl. Centeotl and Chicomecoà ¡tl oversaw different stages in maize growth and maturation. Aztec mythology holds that the god Quetzalcoatl gave maize to humans. The myth reports that during the 5th Sun, Quetzalcoatl spotted a red ant carrying a maize kernel. He followed the ant and reached the place where maize grew, the â€Å"Mountain of Sustenance†, or Tonacatepetl (Ton-ah-cah-TEP-eh-tel) in Nahua. There Quetzalcoatl turned himself into a black ant and stole a kernel of corn to bring back to the humans to plant. According to a story collected by the Spanish colonial period Franciscan friar and scholar Bernardino de  Sahagà ºn, Centeotl made a journey into the underworld and returned with cotton, sweet potatoes, huauzontle (chenopodium), and the intoxicating drink made from agave called octli or pulque, all of which he gave to humans. For this resurrection story, Centeotl is sometimes associated with Venus, the morning star. According to Sahagun, there was a temple dedicated to Centeotl in the sacred precinct of Tenochtitlà ¡n. Maize God Festivities The fourth month of the Aztec calendar is called Huei Tozoztli (The Big Sleep), and it was dedicated to the maize gods Centeotl and Chicomecoà ¡tl. Different ceremonies dedicated to green maize and grass took place in this month, which began around April 30th. To honor the maize gods, people carried out self-sacrifices, performing blood-letting rituals, and sprinkling the blood throughout their houses. Young women adorned themselves with necklaces of corn seeds. Maize ears and seeds were brought back from the field, the former placed in front of the gods images, whereas the latter were stored for planting in the next season. The cult of Centeotl overlapped that of Tlaloc and embraced various deities of solar warmth, flowers, feasting, and pleasure. As the son of the earth goddess Toci, Centeotl was worshipped alongside Chicomecoati and Xilonen during the 11th month of Ochpaniztli, which begins September 27th on our calendar. During this month, a woman was sacrificed and her skin was used to make a mask for Centeotls priest. Maize God Images Centeotl is often represented in Aztec codices as a young man, with maize cobs and ears sprouting from his head, handling a scepter with green cob’s ears. In the Florentine Codex, Centeotl is illustrated as the god of harvest and crop production. As Xochipilli Centeotl, the god is sometimes represented as the monkey god Oà §omà  tli, the god of sports, dancing, amusements and good luck in games. A carved paddle-shaped palmate stone in the collections of the Detroit Institute of Arts (Cavallo 1949) may illustrate Centeotl receiving or attending a human sacrifice. The head of the deity resembles a monkey and he has a tail; the figure is standing on or floating above the chest of a prone figure. A large headdress accounting for over half of the length of the  stone  rises above Centeotls head and is made up of either maize plants or possibly agave. Edited and updated by K. Kris Hirst Sources Aridjis, Homero. Deidades Del Panteà ³n Mexica Del Maà ­z. Artes de Mà ©xico 79 (2006): 16–17. Print.Berdan, Frances F. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Print.Carrasco, David. Central Mexican Religion. Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia. Eds. 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